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针对特厚煤层综放开采沿空掘巷中宽煤柱护巷存在的顶板与煤柱整体破坏、底臌情况伴有发生、喷射混凝土整体脱落及超前支护失效等问题，提出窄煤柱护巷技术。以同忻矿8311综放工作面5311回风巷为工程背景，综合理论分析、数值模拟与现场验证相结合的方式对沿空掘巷窄煤柱合理宽度的确定进行系统研究，基于内外应力场理论与极限平衡理论计算双重验证，量化确定基本顶断裂线位于距采空区煤壁3 m处；结合应力场分布特征分析发现，最优巷道位置应满足既位于基本顶断裂线外侧区域，又处于铰接岩梁结构形成的应力拱（低应力区）保护范围内；据此建立煤柱宽度力学模型，推导得出合理留设区间为5.46～6.30 m；通过数值模拟对不同煤柱宽度下煤柱应力分布、塑性区分布、煤柱内部裂隙发育及沿空巷道变形特征等进行了分析研究，综合确定煤柱宽度为6 m。现场工业性试验数据表明，采用窄煤柱护巷技术实现了特厚煤层综放开采沿空掘巷围岩变形的有效控制，保证了综放工作面的安全高效开采。
Abstract：In view of the problems existing in wide coal pillar entry protection during gob-side entry driving in fully mechanized top-coal caving mining of extra-thick coal seams such as roof and coal pillar failure, floor heave, shotcrete spalling and advance support failure, a narrow pillar entry protection technology was introduced. Taking the 5311 return airway of the 8311 fully mechanized caving face in Tongxin Mine as the engineering background, the rational width for the narrow pillar in gob-side entry driving was studied utilizing theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field validation. Based on dual verification using the inner and outer stress field theory and the limit equilibrium theory, it was quantitatively determined that the fracture line of the main roof lies 3 m away from the goaf-side coal wall. Stress distribution analysis further indicated that the roadway should be positioned beyond the main roof fracture line, remaining within the protection range of the stress arch(lowstress zone) formed by the articulated rock beam structure. Accordingly, a mechanical model for coal pillar width was established, deriving a reasonable width range of 5. 46-6. 30 m. The stress distribution, plastic zone formation, internal crack progression within the pillar, and gob-side entry deformation across various pillar widths were examined through numerical simulation, from which the optimal width of 6 m was ultimately identified. Field industrial tests demonstrated that the narrow pillar protection technology effectively managed surrounding rock deformation in gob-side entry driving for extra-thick coal seam mining, facilitating safe and efficient operations in the comprehensive mechanized top-coal caving face.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:TD822.3
引用信息:
[1]白志云,赵铁林,张学亮,等.特厚煤层综放开采沿空掘巷窄煤柱宽度的确定[J].中国科技论文,2025,20(11):885-900.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划资助项目（2023YFC2907501）