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石化含油废水普遍含有难降解有机物、乳化油、重金属及高盐成分，呈现多相污染态势，常规处理方法难以实现有效净化。本文系统综述了当前主流的石化含油废水处理技术，包括芬顿氧化、臭氧氧化、光催化、电絮凝、膜分离及生物处理等，并分别解析其作用机理、技术优势与关键局限。其中，高级氧化法（advanced oxidation process,AOPs）通过非选择性自由基链式反应实现有机污染物的深度降解，适用于难降解有机组分处理；电絮凝则依托电解金属絮体的吸附-络合-气浮效应，在油/胶体去除方面表现突出；膜分离技术具备纳米级筛分能力，适合深度净化与资源回收，但受限于膜污染与高运行成本；生物法具有成本低、环境友好等优点，但在高盐、高毒环境中微生物活性易受抑制，亟需开发耐盐菌群与优化生化工艺。单一技术难以应对复杂废水多维污染特征，未来应聚焦多技术耦合体系与功能材料创新。同时，推动工艺低碳化、智能化也是未来发展方向，并构建资源回收与污染削减并行的闭环体系。本文旨在为石化含油废水处理领域提供理论支持与工程借鉴，助力实现“双碳”战略下的绿色转型与可持续发展。
Abstract：Petrochemical oily wastewater generally contains recalcitrant organic compounds, emulsified oils, heavy metals, and high salinity, presenting a multiphase pollution situation, and conventional treatment methods are difficult to achieve effective purification. This paper provided a systematic review of mainstream treatment technologies for petrochemical oily wastewater, including Fenton oxidation, ozone oxidation, photocatalysis, electrocoagulation, membrane separation, and biological treatment. The mechanism of action, technical advantages, and key limitations were analyzed respectively. Advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) relying on nonselective free radical chain reactions are effective for degrading persistent organic pollutants. Electrocoagulation utilizes electro-generated metal flocs for adsorption, complexation, and flotation, excelling in the removal of oil and colloids. Membrane separation, although is constrained by membrane fouling and high operational costs, offers nanoscale filtration precision, making it suitable for advanced purification and resource recovery. Biological treatment is cost-effective and environmentally friendly, but microbial activity is often suppressed in high-salinity and high-toxicity conditions, necessitating the development of halotolerant microbial consortia and optimized bioprocesses. Given the multifaceted nature of petrochemical wastewater, single technology often fall short. Future research should emphasize hybrid systems and functional material innovations. Meanwhile, promoting the lowcarbonization and intelligentization of processes is also a future development direction, and a closed-loop system featuring parallel resource recovery and pollution reduction should be established. This review aims to offer theoretical guidance and engineering insights to support the green transition and sustainable development of the petrochemical industry under the dual-carbon strategy.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:X74
引用信息:
[1]仝永帅,陈义龙.石化含油废水处理技术的应用研究进展[J].中国科技论文,2025,20(10):799-812.