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为研究探空仪在穿越不同风速带过程中所产生的滞后误差问题，提出基于四北斗测风探空仪的风速修正方法，并设计一种适用于0～16 km高度范围的风速修正算法，以提升探空仪的测量精度。采用计算流体动力学（computational fluid dynamics,CFD）方法，对3种不同类型的降落伞结构进行仿真分析，评估其在不同条件下的气动性能，进而选取性能最优的伞型结构。基于仿真所得的误差数据，利用支持向量机（support vector machine,SVM）算法拟合风速误差修正模型，并进一步引入随机森林回归（random forest regression,RFR）算法作为对比，对探空仪实测风速进行修正。为验证修正算法的准确性与实用性，开展了外场低空投放实验。实验结果表明，搭载方锥型降落伞的探空仪综合表现最优，经修正后的风速与参考风速之间的平均绝对误差（mean absolute error,MAE）和均方根误差（root mean square error,RMSE）分别为0.185 m/s和0.205 m/s，可见所提方法在提升北斗探空仪测风精度方面的有效性。
Abstract：In order to study the problem of lag errors generated in the process of passing through different wind speed zones of the radiosonde, a wind speed correction method based on the Four Beidou wind-measuring radiosonde was proposed. Additionally, a wind speed correction algorithm applicable to the altitude range of 0 to 16 km was designed to improve the measurement accuracy of the radiosonde. The computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method was used to conduct simulation analyses on three different types of parachute structures, evaluate their aerodynamic performances under various conditions, and then select the parachute structure with the optimal performance. Based on the error data obtained from the simulation, the support vector machine(SVM) algorithm was used to fit the wind speed error correction model, and the random forest regression(RFR) algorithm was further introduced for comparison to correct the wind speed measured by the radiosonde. To verify the accuracy and practicality of the correction algorithm, an outdoor low-altitude drop experiment was carried out. The experimental results show that the radiosonde equipped with a square pyramidal parachute demonstrates the best comprehensive performance, which exhibits a mean absolute error(MAE) and root mean square error(RMSE) between the corrected wind speed and the reference wind speed are 0. 185 m/s and 0. 205 m/s, respectively. It is concluded that the proposed method is effective in improving the wind measurement accuracy of the Beidou radiosonde.
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基本信息:
DOI：
中图分类号:P414.7
引用信息:
[1]洪鑫,刘清惓,曹希龙等.高空机载下投式测风探空仪误差修订方法研究[J].中国科技论文,2025,20(08):633-643.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(42275143)