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新疆超稠油资源丰富，由于储层条件、流体性质等因素制约，浅薄层超稠油热采机理、开发模式、高温工艺、智能低碳运行面临一系列重大科技挑战。为此，在国内外稠油开发技术发展的基础上，以研究区近物源辫状河沉积、浅薄层砂砾岩超稠油油藏为目标，提出了浅薄层超稠油亟待创新的驱泄复合理论方法、立体井网开发方式、高温高压工艺体系和智能低碳运行模式等重大技术问题。研究结果表明：1）物模实验揭示了“近端蒸汽驱替、远端重力泄油”机理，实现了8～15 m薄层超稠油高效动用；2）在“直-平”点线和“平-平”线线井网基础上，开展水平井暂堵微压裂和不同阶段精细调控，注蒸汽波及系数为0.9，采收率达55%以上；3）配套研发的注采两用柔性泵、动态化学屏蔽工艺及作业装备能够实现油井生产时率提升15%，保障了浅层高温下蒸汽腔低伤害安全作业；4）通过智能配汽工艺管柱，全密闭集输处理装置和地下与地面协同云平台决策系统研发，系统热效率提高11.6%，年减少碳排放21.9万t。随着技术定型和推广应用，已形成中国浅薄层超稠油开发“样本”，为国内外稠油高效开发提供思路和技术借鉴。
Abstract：Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region is rich in ultra-heavy oil resources, however, due to constraints such as reservoir conditions and fluid properties, a series of major scientific and technological challenges are faced in the mechanism of thermal recovery, development mode, high-temperature process and intelligent low-carbon operation of ultra-heavy oil in shallow and thin layers. So far, based on the development of heavy oil development technology at home and abroad, combined with the study area near provenance braided river sediment, shallow and thin gravel ultra-heavy oil reservoir as the goal, some important technical problems are put forward, such as complex theory and method of displacement and drainage, development mode of three-dimensional well pattern, high-temperature and high-pressure process system and intelligent low-carbon operation mode. The results of the study are as follows. 1) Physical model experiments revealed the mechanism of “proximal steam displacement and distal gravity drainage”, enabling the efficient exploitation of ultra-heavy oil in thin layers ranging from 8 to 15 m. 2) On the basis of “straight-flat” point line and “flat-flat” line well pattern, temporary plugging microfracturing and fine control in different stages were carried out in horizontal wells, where steam injection sweep factor was 0. 9 and recovery factor was over 55%. 3) Flexible pump and dynamic chemical shielding technology and equipment could increase the hourly efficiency of production by 15%, and the steam chamber can be operated safely at high temperature in shallow layer. 4) Through the research and development of the decision-making system of the intelligent steam distribution process string, the fully-enclosed gathering and transportation equipment and the underground and ground cooperative cloud platform, the system thermal efficiency was increased by 11. 6%. At the same time, the carbon emission was reduced by 219 000 t annually. With the finalization and popularization of the technology, a “model” for the development of shallow ultra-heavy oil in China has been formed, providing ideas and technical references for the efficient development of heavy oil at home and abroad.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:TE345
引用信息:
[1]卢迎波,孙新革,赵长虹,等.浅薄层超稠油高效开发技术研究及应用[J].中国科技论文,2025,20(02):95-105.
基金信息:
国家科技重大专项（2016ZX05012）; 中石油股份重大专项（2019B-1411、2021DJ1403）